Elephant II

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @680 mm, f8, ISO 320; Nikon Z 6 Elephant bulls of either species are imposing; in warm evening light at the edge of the forest (Manas) Assam

Gaur II

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @700 mm, f8, ISO 1250 (+1/2 EV) Nikon Z 6 Slight crop, sunset; the gaur emerging from the forest. As with the elephants, their activity (normally daytime animals) shifts into the night to avoid contact with people, especially in open places, even in less disturbed pockets of wilderness. That relieves the animals from the kind of pressure that, though difficult to observe, impacts their mental world, perception of the environment, ethological patterns and instincts to such a degree. Salparni, a plant abundant in some parts of the undergrowth, spreads its seed pods by clinging to fur (it sticks well to the skin too). Assam

Elephant ; Twilight

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @700 mm, f8, ISO 4500 Nikon Z 6 Twilight of the forest edge gives a feel of an elephant (bull) in the forest (naturally or adapted). Assam

Elephant ; Grassland

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @550 mm, f9, ISO 200 (+1/2 EV) Nikon Z 6 Morning cloud, diffuse light Assam

Crested Serpent Eagle II

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @700 mm, f8, ISO 160, Nikon Z 6 Later afternoon, slight crop (APS-H), front lit against dark cloud; the eye lacks the glow of the first shot of the sequence (slightly less crisp). You can spot the third eyelid in the middle of the eye (drawn from the inner corner sideways, the translucent membrane protects and cleans) Rajasthan

Greater Spotted Eagle II

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @700 mm, f8, ISO 180, Nikon D750 Crop (APS-C), some heat shimmer; the third day in a row we were able to photograph this eagle. This is the earliest morning as it dries its wings (wetlands), or perhaps warming in the sun as it is very chilly. We had down vests on and our fingers, used to the hot days, were freezing that morning. Rajasthan

Forest V

Nikkor 24-70/2.8 S @55mm, f7.1, Nikon Z 6 Early morning, low cloud (drizzle); one of the watercourses in the jungle Assam

Glimpses III

Nikkor 24-70/2.8 S @26.5mm, f8, ND filter (2 exp.), Photomatix 3 exp/2.7 EV range, Nikon Z 6 Afternoon, Meghalaya

Glimpses II

Nikkor 24-70/2.8 S @64mm, f4.5, Nikon Z 6 Evening forest, Meghalaya

Stump-tailed Macaque ii

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @280 mm, f8, ISO 1000 (+1.3 EV), Nikon D750 Forest floor in the early morning. A castaway; a rare glimpse into the past opened to my camera. Countless parts - corresponding numbers of varying magnitudes that interact in indirect proportions are why the size is critical for the forest ecosystem. It is also important for its microclimates and resilience to human development (such as agriculture). The bridges sometimes created in restorative efforts can only do so much as a substitute for size. In the real world today, though, various levels of these connections in nature are parts of ingenious solutions to help the environment effectively. Larger, healthy habitats, where they still exist, can also function as life-support to smaller islands of biotopes. Hoollongapar jungle

Wild Boar

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @700 mm, f8, (1/500s), ISO 110, Nikon Z 6 Early morning; foraging in the undergrowth. A differently shaped skull, less dense fur and longer bristles make the taller subspecies different from our boars. This is particularly noticeable with old, fully matured individuals (less in this shot). There were recently several releases of pygmy hogs into the Manas jungle. This part of conservation projects is set to continue until a substantial population is established. Assam

Hoolock Gibbon III

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @550 mm, f8, ISO 160, Nikon Z 6 Twilight of a canopy against the sun-rising sky; a male moving through a crown during morning calls Hoollongapar jungle

Mangrove Forest III

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @460mm, f8, Nikon Z 6 Early morning; a scene from the forest interior Odisha

Layers

Nikkor 24-70/2.8 S @70mm, f8, Nikon Z 6 Afternoon sun; leaves and a colossal amount of organic matter build up these shores. This spot is still close to the sea but the pile reaches five, six metres above the water line already, how deep it goes here it’s hard to guess. Odisha mangroves

White-eared Bulbul

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @700mm, f8, ISO 140, Nikon Z 6 Early morning, crop (APS-H), Rajasthan Forest

Red-vented Bulbul

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @700mm, f8, Nikon Z 6 Early morning, slight blur in the shot due to heat shimmer; the sun is rising on the horizon (in the bird’s eye) Rajasthan

Wetlands II

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @280mm, f8, Nikon Z 6 Morning; some 14 minutes before the previous shot of eagle; anhinga, cormorants, egrets and lapwings in the setting. Wild Zebu, the descendant of feral cattle, the domestic form of the Indian aurochs that lived alongside their wild relatives in the past, can be often seen wading in this landscape. They radiate power and health. We could see they readopted some patterns of natural behaviour. I was first worried about meeting bulls on narrow strips of land passing from the opposite side, loaded with the gear and with the whole journey ahead. We were forced behind a fence in situations like this before. The numbers of cattle in the national park are very low and kept in check (a stray tiger is relocated, though the last one was I think four months here). Rajasthan

Greater Spotted Eagle

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @280mm, f8, Nikon Z 6 Morning, heavy haze (sings that the winter is not far away). Wetlands are the favourite wintering areas of this eagle that leaves its nesting sites in September (the next processing is this spot landscape). Even breeding has been reported in this national park and the surrounding region (unique in India). There are three closely related species; India has its own resident Indian spotted eagle, distinct in appearance. Rajasthan

Anhinga

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @600mm, f8, ISO 140, Nikon Z 6 Late morning by a periodic lake Rajasthan

Kalij Pheasant

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @700mm, f8, high ISO image (8000, minus about 1 EV - exposed higher) Nikon Z 6 Twilight of the early morning jungle; the 8000 ISO usually is our ceiling, then we cut into the shutter speed. The luck held for this shot, the 1/200s came out pin-sharp (says something about the VR as well). Another time, a particular motion blur can add to the shot. Many times though you lose the shot. The colour output has improved with newer sensors at high ISOs a little. Every bit of improvement helps. The wildlife seems to be one of the most demanding applications for colour fidelity. A combination of the need for sufficient depth of field (or cropping), high shutter speed and typically poor light (the wildlife activity, shady cover) pushes towards the high ISO values. The Horsfield’s ssp. is also of the darkest colour. The glossy dark blue plumage (male) is stunning in more light. Some of the subspecies became very rare. Assam

Indian Peafowl; Sunset

Nikkor 200-500 VR/TC 14 III @280mm, f8 (1/25s), Nikon Z 6 Sunset; as almost always is the case, the picture matches the scene’s brightness (*on standard setting calibrated monitor). We routinely take a carefully matched sample, in a controlled process, for reference, sometimes checking with each other (besides writing the notes). Hyena and jackal calls are heard at night in this park. We saw the jackals regularly in the dense bush but that always at the peak of activity (didn’t get a good shot). The peafowl is the national bird of India. Rajasthan

The Tree

Nikkor 24-70/2.8 S @24mm, f2.8, ISO 110, Nikon Z 6 Siva Temple; the meaning of the place, also called Siva Lingam, goes beyond the living representation of the natural force. Although it’s the Diwali days, it is visited only on Saturdays. The cobra symbol at the front characterises the fundamentality of the force as a reference to the (hidden) dynamics of nature as the Whole. Varanasi

Ganges Temple II

Nikkor 24-70/2.8 S @32mm, f2.8, ISO 110, Nikon Z 6 A man praying; next to the Mother of Ganges Temple room (the previous photograph) is this temple illuminated by the Bhagavad Gita. Several shrines and temples can be part of one complex, like in Christianity. I am on the way to the room that has a tree crown as a roof. Openness stemming from genuine lack of pretence makes uncommon common in these parts of the world. Varanasi

Ganges Temple

Nikkor 24-70/2.8 S @32mm, f2.8, Nikon Z 6 Thanksgiving; a woman steps up to the sacred place in one of the rooms. The Indian art draws from underlying recognitions we lost soon after the earliest phase of our civilisation (European), and which we are only slowly regaining, and will one day regain. As you would guess, the sense isn’t confined only to art. And it also manifests endurance in the face of distracting processes that enter the genius loci of India’s transforming space. Varanasi